Green Roofs and Walls Design Intended to Mitigate Climate Change in Urban Areas across All Continents

Green roofs and walls can mitigate the environmental climate change of a city. They decrease urban heat island (UHI), reduce greenhouse gas emissions, fix pollutants, manage stormwater runoff, attenuate noise, enhance biodiversity. This paper aims to analyse green in possible mitigation compare it by continent. might air temperature city up 11.3 °C lower thermal transmittance into buildings 0.27 W/m2 K. Urban greening sequester 375 g C·m?2 per two growing seasons increase retention 100%. noise 9.5 dB. The results found varied effectiveness ameliorating extremes present host continents. Results show planners focus on exposure temperatures hotter Asian cities advise Africa Asia. European American designers optimise runoff water capacity systems use old improve insulation. Recommendations are made based study concentrate certain designs have greater impact priority challenges, whether UHI or related. provides information for decision policymakers regarding design change.